The former player: 'I hoped to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This piece contains details of discriminatory comments and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that going public to expose racism in professional rugby led his professional journey to an early conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to end my career because of what occurred," he explained to media outlets.
"I wanted to continue competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were inquiries underway.
"That was challenging - I had to simply accept the outcome and accept that this whole situation is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "on the balance of probability", but said it could not collect sufficient proof to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly overlooked for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told media he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him win 15 caps after his first game in 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've personally suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a period of time you just learn to think that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was finally spurred to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the professional level and to the introduction of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has placed considerable focus on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both before and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are continuing work with teams and stakeholders in the elite level to work for a culture of inclusivity but recognize this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
Every Premiership and women's rugby club now has in-person training on creating inclusive environments, with its effectiveness monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England players, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from harmful behaviour.
"You be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film about his experiences.
"We know it has had this effect on you and ended your playing days, but in our view, you have achieved so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff died shortly after the production of the documentary, and his sibling passed away recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the sport more open.
His 12 Foundation works to connect with children in under-served communities and support them thrive on and off the pitch with complimentary sports training, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My personal intentions are pure, I want to see the evolution of the game and if nobody else is willing to tell their story then I'll continue to advocate for that cause because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"We have an responsibility to make the game as great as it can be and the longer I speak about it hopefully the more confident others will become about sharing their personal experiences as well.
"I take the challenge by the horns and continue bearing this banner and continue supporting this responsibility and do what I can to create possibilities and make the sport more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that rugby has the potential to transform their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in late 2022